General P. Campbell CB, Royal Artillery
Military General Service Medal 1793-1814 [Talavera]
(P. Campbell Capt. R. Arty.)
Patrick Campbell was born in Duntroon, Argyllshire, Scotland, entering the army as Gentleman Cadet aged 15 years 9 months on 19 March 1793, 2nd Lieutenant 6 March 1785, Lieutenant 3 October 1795, Captain Lieutenant 20 March 1803, Captain 1 June 1806, Brevet Major 14 October 1813, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel 1 June 1815, Major 5 January 1825, Lieutenant Colonel 29 July 1825, Colonel 10 January 1837, Major General 9 November 1846, Lieutenant General 20 June 1854, General 26 November 1854. He retired on full pay on 11 November 1836.
He served at the capture of St. Lucia as Lieutenant in 1796:
“During the aftermath of the French Revolution, Brigands – with the help of the French – gained control of the island of St. Lucia after defeating Brigadier-General Stewart and his troops at Vieux Fort and Rabot. On 12 April 1796, British troops under General Ralph Abercrombie moved in to recapture the island. After many attempts to defeat the Brigands at Morne Fortuné they finally succeeded. On 24 May 1796, The 27th Regiment of Foot (Royal Enniskillen Fusiliers), led by Brigadier-General (later Sir) John Moore, captured Morne Fortuné. The defenders, mostly ex-slaves, laid down their arms and became prisoners of war.”[1]
Casualties during this campaign were high but mainly due to yellow fever rather than death in combat. Subsequently he served in the Carib War in St. Vincent:
“Conflict between the British and the black Caribs continued until 1796, when General Abercrombie crushed a revolt fomented by the French radical Victor Hugues. More than 5,000 black Caribs were eventually deported to Roatan, an island off the coast of Honduras.”[2]
He arrived in the Peninsula in January 1809 and in April 1809 he was employed with the Spanish troops at Seville. On 1 July 1810, as Captain, he was officer commanding the 2nd Battalion RA at Cadiz and also Second in Command RA in the city.
In July 1810 he was sent to Walcheren (a small Island in the North Sea, just off the coast of The Netherlands), to take part in the military campaign against the French:
“Three companies, commanded by Captains Drummond, Campbell and Fyers, had landed at Ter Veer on the 8th August, and proved of great service in the batteries at Oust Zouberg.[3]”
The Commander Royal Artillery during this Campaign was Major General J. MacLeod whose group is also in the collection.
He returned to the Peninsula in December 1809 when the Walcheren campaign ended. He took part in the battles of Talavera and Castalla and, according to Vigors and Macfarlane[4], saw service with the Portuguese during this campaign, one of only two artillery officers to do so.
He was awarded the Order of Charles III, Cross[5] (Spain) as “Major RA / Brigadier General in Spanish Service” for “distinguished services rendered by him in several actions with the enemy during the Peninsular War, particularly at Medellin, Talavara de la Reyna, Castalla, Tarragona and Barcelona”. [6]
The Order of Charles III was conferred on Spaniards and foreigners for outstanding service to the fatherland. The Spanish Head of State is the Grand Master of the Order and has five classes. The 2nd Class (Grand Cross) wears the Badge of the Order on a sash and the Star of the Order on the left breast.
An interesting note is that he was one of only four officers of the artillery (including 2 from the Field Train) who were awarded the Military General Service Medal with the single bar Talavara. He received the medal with one clasp on 7 January 1848 (WO 100/1).
He is listed on the Full Pay Army List but saw no further war service as he entered the Diplomatic Service retiring on full pay as Lieutenant Colonel.
He died 29 August 1857 at his home after over 60 years in the service of his country. His death notice reads:
“On the 29th August at 8 Rockstone-place, Southampton in his 78th year, General Patrick Campbell of Duntroon, late Royal Artillery, formerly Chargé d’Affaires in Columbia and afterwards Consul General and Diplomatic Agent Egypt.”
At some time he was created CB, military division.
[1] “History of St. Lucia”
[2] “St. Vincent and the Grenadines” – Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Washington D.C., USA. 2002 Edition.
[3] “History of the Royal Artillery – Vol. II” – Major Duncan RA
[4] “The Three Retrospective Medals 1793-1840 Awarded to Artillerymen” – D.D. Vigors & A.M. Macfarlane.
[5] This is probably the “Grand Cross” (2nd Class)
[6] London Gazette 6 August 1816 (p.1528)
(P. Campbell Capt. R. Arty.)
Patrick Campbell was born in Duntroon, Argyllshire, Scotland, entering the army as Gentleman Cadet aged 15 years 9 months on 19 March 1793, 2nd Lieutenant 6 March 1785, Lieutenant 3 October 1795, Captain Lieutenant 20 March 1803, Captain 1 June 1806, Brevet Major 14 October 1813, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel 1 June 1815, Major 5 January 1825, Lieutenant Colonel 29 July 1825, Colonel 10 January 1837, Major General 9 November 1846, Lieutenant General 20 June 1854, General 26 November 1854. He retired on full pay on 11 November 1836.
He served at the capture of St. Lucia as Lieutenant in 1796:
“During the aftermath of the French Revolution, Brigands – with the help of the French – gained control of the island of St. Lucia after defeating Brigadier-General Stewart and his troops at Vieux Fort and Rabot. On 12 April 1796, British troops under General Ralph Abercrombie moved in to recapture the island. After many attempts to defeat the Brigands at Morne Fortuné they finally succeeded. On 24 May 1796, The 27th Regiment of Foot (Royal Enniskillen Fusiliers), led by Brigadier-General (later Sir) John Moore, captured Morne Fortuné. The defenders, mostly ex-slaves, laid down their arms and became prisoners of war.”[1]
Casualties during this campaign were high but mainly due to yellow fever rather than death in combat. Subsequently he served in the Carib War in St. Vincent:
“Conflict between the British and the black Caribs continued until 1796, when General Abercrombie crushed a revolt fomented by the French radical Victor Hugues. More than 5,000 black Caribs were eventually deported to Roatan, an island off the coast of Honduras.”[2]
He arrived in the Peninsula in January 1809 and in April 1809 he was employed with the Spanish troops at Seville. On 1 July 1810, as Captain, he was officer commanding the 2nd Battalion RA at Cadiz and also Second in Command RA in the city.
In July 1810 he was sent to Walcheren (a small Island in the North Sea, just off the coast of The Netherlands), to take part in the military campaign against the French:
“Three companies, commanded by Captains Drummond, Campbell and Fyers, had landed at Ter Veer on the 8th August, and proved of great service in the batteries at Oust Zouberg.[3]”
The Commander Royal Artillery during this Campaign was Major General J. MacLeod whose group is also in the collection.
He returned to the Peninsula in December 1809 when the Walcheren campaign ended. He took part in the battles of Talavera and Castalla and, according to Vigors and Macfarlane[4], saw service with the Portuguese during this campaign, one of only two artillery officers to do so.
He was awarded the Order of Charles III, Cross[5] (Spain) as “Major RA / Brigadier General in Spanish Service” for “distinguished services rendered by him in several actions with the enemy during the Peninsular War, particularly at Medellin, Talavara de la Reyna, Castalla, Tarragona and Barcelona”. [6]
The Order of Charles III was conferred on Spaniards and foreigners for outstanding service to the fatherland. The Spanish Head of State is the Grand Master of the Order and has five classes. The 2nd Class (Grand Cross) wears the Badge of the Order on a sash and the Star of the Order on the left breast.
An interesting note is that he was one of only four officers of the artillery (including 2 from the Field Train) who were awarded the Military General Service Medal with the single bar Talavara. He received the medal with one clasp on 7 January 1848 (WO 100/1).
He is listed on the Full Pay Army List but saw no further war service as he entered the Diplomatic Service retiring on full pay as Lieutenant Colonel.
He died 29 August 1857 at his home after over 60 years in the service of his country. His death notice reads:
“On the 29th August at 8 Rockstone-place, Southampton in his 78th year, General Patrick Campbell of Duntroon, late Royal Artillery, formerly Chargé d’Affaires in Columbia and afterwards Consul General and Diplomatic Agent Egypt.”
At some time he was created CB, military division.
[1] “History of St. Lucia”
[2] “St. Vincent and the Grenadines” – Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Washington D.C., USA. 2002 Edition.
[3] “History of the Royal Artillery – Vol. II” – Major Duncan RA
[4] “The Three Retrospective Medals 1793-1840 Awarded to Artillerymen” – D.D. Vigors & A.M. Macfarlane.
[5] This is probably the “Grand Cross” (2nd Class)
[6] London Gazette 6 August 1816 (p.1528)
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